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<title>What is a Concept Network?</title>
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<body>
<div id="header">
<h1>What is a Concept Network?</h1>
<span id="author">author parmentierf@users.sourceforge.net</span><br />
<span id="revision">version 0.2,</span>
2008-11-11
</div>
<h2 id="_introduction">Introduction</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>A Concept Network is a net made of nodes and weighted links
between them. It can be wholly connected.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_a_concept">A concept</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>A concept is a set of nodes in the Concept Network, strongly bound together and
simultaneously activated. Thus, when nodes named <tt>network</tt>, <tt>neural</tt>, <tt>Widrow</tt>,
<tt>Kohonen</tt>, and <tt>Hoff</tt> are in a Concept Network, one can assume that they
constitute one concept, different from the one constituted by <tt>Markov</tt>,
<tt>hidden</tt>, though the <tt>network</tt> node could belong to the <em>hidden Markov network</em>
concept.</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>                   ###########                  ######
                  ## Kohonen ###                ######  Neural Network concept
~~~~~~~~~~  ############|################       ######
~ Markov------network ##|####### Widrow ###
 ~~|~~~~~~   ##|###\####|#######/######\#####   ~~~~~~
~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~|~~##\###|##/---+ ##### Hoff #   ~~~~~~  Markov Network concept
~ HMM-------hidden # neural-----------/#####    ~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ #######################
                                                ------  Links</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="para"><p>This is true, only if the Concept Network was designed in order to associate
conceptually near symbols.</p></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_node">Node</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>Each node has these fields:</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
symbol (S):
    it contains the symbolic information.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
occurrence (occ):
    number of times it occurred (in ECTOR case, how many times it appeared in
    user's utterance).
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
type (Ty):
    what type of node it is (depends on the application). For ECTOR, they can be
    "token", "sentence", "sentiment", "expression", "utterer", "label", "file",
    &#8230;. See NodeType.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
state (AV):
    the ActivationValue of the node, within a whole ConceptNetworkState.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
</div>
<h2 id="_link">Link</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="para"><p>Each ConceptNetwork link comes from node. Its is directed to another node, and
has following fields:</p></div>
<div class="ilist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
node
    the node pointed by this link
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
weight
    the influence that the departure node has on the arrival node, that one can
    also see as a conceptual proximity of the two related nodes. This LinkWeight
    is computed, according to the incoming node's occurrence and the
    co-occurrence of the two nodes.
</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
label
    optional label node, turning the link into a labeled link
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
<div class="para"><p>The next figure shows an a minimal Concept Network sample, where the birthday
node is completely activated (100%). This node is linked to cake, whose
activation value is zero. This link's type is eat, and is weight 95%. This
network is an abstract representation of the fact that for an anniversary, one
often eats a cake.</p></div>
<div class="literalblock">
<div class="content">
<pre><tt>/----------------\                             /--------------\
|   S: birthday  |                             |    S: cake   |
+----------------+                             +--------------+
| Ty: token      |     /-----------------\     | Ty: token    |
| AV: 100 %      +-----+ T: eat | W: 95% +----&gt;+ AV:  0%      |
\----------------/     \-----------------/     \--------------/</tt></pre>
</div></div>
<div class="para"><p>Like in neural networks, the activation value from birthday will be propagated
to cake, thanks to the ActivationPropagation mechanism.</p></div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Version 0.2<br />
Last updated 2008-11-11 14:45:03
</div>
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